ð (5-14) ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãã ㌠乳åç·šãäžè¬çãªæ¹ææ©ã«ããã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããèšç®åŒã
- #ä¹³åæ¹æè£ çœ®
- #ä¹³å
- #ãšãã«ã·ã§ã³
- #ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ãã
âã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããã®èãæ¹âã®æŽçâ·
ãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãããŒä¹³åç·šãåšå 端é床äžå®æã«ãããæ¹æäœçšã®å€åããã®ããŒãžã§è¿°ã¹ãå 容ãšåãã§ããïŒäžæŠæŽçãããŠãããŸãããã
ãããŸã§ã¯ïŒé«éæ¹ææ©ïŒãã¢ãããµãŒïŒãäžå¿ã«èããŠããŸããã
ä»åºŠã¯ïŒäœéæ¹ææ©ïŒããã«ãããµãŒïŒã«ã€ããŠçç®ãïŒã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ãããèããŠãããŸãã
ãã ïŒãIntroductionãå šäœã€ã¡ãŒãžããã®ããŒãžã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ïŒäœéæ¹ææ©ã¯äžã®äžã§èšããšããã®äžè¬çãªæ¹ææ©ã«è©²åœããŸãã
ãã®ããïŒå®ãºããšã¯èšããŸãããïŒããçšåºŠçè«äœç³»ãåºæ¥äžãã£ãŠããŸãã
åœç€Ÿã¯é«éæ¹ææ©ãäž»åãšããã¡ãŒã«ãŒã§ããïŒäœéæ¹ææ©ã«é¢ããçè«ã¯å°éå€ã®ãšããããããŸãã
å³å¯ãªç解ã詳现ãªå 容ã¯é¢é£ããå°éæžãžè²ããšããŠïŒããã§ã¯ã€ã¡ãŒãžãèãæ¹ã玹ä»ããŸãã
â液äœâïŒâ液äœâã®äžè¬çãªæ¹æïŒããã«ãããµãŒïŒã®å Žå
ãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãã ㌠乳åç·šããã¢ãããµãŒã«ãã埮现åäœçšãšã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããèšç®åŒããã®ããŒãžã§çŽ¹ä»ãããã¢ãããµãŒã®å ŽåãšäŒŒãŠããŸããïŒåœç¶ïŒç°ãªãç¹ããããŸãã
ããã¯ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®åŸ®çŽ°åãšåäžãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã§ãã
ð[memo]ãä¹³åãæ³å®ããå Žåã¯ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®åŸ®çŽ°åãèµ·ããïŒå°ãããªã£ã液滎ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸååšãããšèããŸããã
ããã§ïŒã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ãããããã«ããã£ãŠïŒæ¬¡ã®2ã€ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæãç«ã€ãããªèšå®ãããããšãèããŸãã
â å¹³å液滎åŸãçãããªãããã«ããã
è©Šéšæ©ã§äœ¿çšããããã«ãããµãŒãšçç£æ©ã§äœ¿çšããããã«ãããµãŒã«ãã£ãŠçæãã液滎ã®å€§ãããïŒã©ã¡ããçãããªãããã«èšå®ããŸãã
液滎ã®åŸ®çŽ°åãšåäžãç¹°ãè¿ãããïŒãã®ãšãã®æ¶²æ»Žã®å¹³å液滎åŸãçããããããšãèããŸãã
â¡ ç©è³ªç§»åé床ãçãããªãããã«ããã
è©Šéšæ©ã§äœ¿çšããããã«ãããµãŒãšçç£æ©ã§äœ¿çšããããã«ãããµãŒã«ãã£ãŠçæããç©è³ªç§»åé床ãïŒã©ã¡ããçãããªãããã«èšå®ããŸãã
åäžãã液滎ãåã³åŸ®çŽ°åããããããªïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®ç§»åé床ãçããããããšãèããŸãã
äžè¿°ãã2ã€ã®æ¡ä»¶ããŸãšãããšïŒâ 倧ãããçãã液滎ãâ¡åãé床ã§ç§»åãããšïŒåãæ··åç¶æ ãåŸããããšèããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã®çµæïŒã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸïŒç 究宀ãšå·¥å ŽïŒã«ãããâæ©æ¢°çãªåâãçããããããšãã§ããã ããïŒãšããã®ãïŒäžè¬çãªæ¹ææ©ã«ãããã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããã®åºæ¬çãªèãæ¹ã«ãªããŸãã
ïŒæ¡ä»¶â ïŒå¹³å液滎åŸãçãããªãããã«ãã
å³å¯ãªç解ã詳现ãªå 容ã¯é¢é£ããå°éæžãžãšè²ããšããŠïŒå¹³å液滎åŸã«é¢ããŠäžåŒãæããã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããŸãã
ãããŠïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãããã«ãããµãŒã®çŽåŸïŒçŸœæ ¹åŸïŒDã§å²ã£ããã®ãå¹³å液滎åŸd32/Dãšã¿ãªãïŒã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§ãããçãããªãããã«ããããšãèããŸãã
é¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãšã¯âŠ
å ã«ïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ã«ã€ããŠç°¡åã«è§ŠããŠãããŸãã
å¹³å液滎åŸãèããéïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãæ¡çšããçç±ã¯ïŒçé¢ã®åœ±é¿ã倧ããè¡šé¢ç©ã«éãã眮ããããšèããŠããããã§ãã
次ã«ïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ã®å°åºãããŠãããŸãã
ç·äœç©
Vp = Σ(4/3)Ï(d/2)3 = ΣÏd3/6
ç·è¡šé¢ç©
Ap = Σ4Ï(d/2)2 = ΣÏd2
ç·äœç©/ç·è¡šé¢ç©
Vp/Ap = d32 = (ΣÏd3/6)/ΣÏd2 = (ΣÏd3)/6(ΣÏd2)
æ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°Weãšã¯âŠ
ç¶ããŠïŒæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°Weã«ã€ããŠãç°¡åã«è§ŠããŠãããŸãã
ãæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°ïŒæ £æ§å/è¡šé¢åŒµåãã§å®çŸ©ãããã®ã§ïŒæ¹ææ©ã«ãã埮现åäœçšïŒæ £æ§åïŒæ¶²æ»Žã埮现åãããªãããã«èããåïŒè¡šé¢åŒµåãšã€ã¡ãŒãžããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠïŒæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°ã¯ïŒæ¹æã«ãã埮现ãªæ¶²æ»Žçæã®ããããã瀺ãææšãšæããããšãã§ãããã§ãã
次ã«ïŒæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°Weã®å°åºãããŠãããŸãã
æ £æ§å
Fi = ma = ÏD3(dU/dt)
ð[memo]ãéåæ¹çšåŒãæ³å®ããŠããŸããåF = ç©äœã®è³ªém à å é床a
ããã§ïŒU = dUïŒdt = D/UãšãããšïŒ
Fi = ÏD3(dU/dt) = ÏD3{U/(D/U)} = ÏD2U2
ð[memo]ããæéïŒè·é¢ïŒé·ãïŒ/é床ããšãªãããã«ïŒé·ããè¡šãåäœã§ããçŸœæ ¹åŸDã䜿çšããŠæéãè¡šããŠããŸãã
è¡šé¢åŒµåïŒçµ¶å¯Ÿå€ãšããŠã®åïŒ
Fs = γD
ð[memo]ããæ¹æã®ç«å Žããä¹³åãã€ã¡ãŒãžããããçé¢èªç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®èãæ¹ããã®ããŒãžã§ïŒçé¢èªç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®åŒã玹ä»ããŸããã
ð[memo]ããåïŒçé¢åŒµåïŒè¡šé¢åŒµåïŒÃé·ãããšãªãããã«ïŒé·ããè¡šãåäœã§ããçŸœæ ¹åŸDã䜿çšããŠæéãè¡šããŠããŸãã
æ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°ïŒïŒæ £æ§å/è¡šé¢åŒµåïŒ
We = Fi/Fs = ÏD2U2/γD = ÏDU2/γ
ããã§ïŒU = NDãªã®ã§ïŒ
We = ÏDU2/γ = ÏD(ND)2/γ = ÏN2D3/γ
ð[memo]ãå®æ°é ïŒÏ/60ïŒãç¡èŠããŠïŒåšå 端é床Uãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã
å¹³å液滎åŸd32/Dã決ããå å
å¹³å液滎åŸd32/Dã¯ïŒããã«ãããµãŒã®çŽåŸïŒçŸœæ ¹åŸïŒDïŒä¿æ°CâãšCâïŒåæ£çžã®äœç©åçΊïŒæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°Weã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸããŸãã
åŠæ¹ãå€ãããªãã®ã§ããã°ïŒæ··åããããšãã®åæ£æ¶²ã®ç©æ§ã¯ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«é¢ä¿ãªãåãã§ããã¯ãã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠïŒä¿æ°CâãšCâïŒåæ£çžã®äœç©åçΊã¯åžžã«äžå®ã§ããã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§å€åããŸããã
ãŸãïŒäœ¿çšããããã«ãããµãŒã決ãŸã£ãŠããã®ã§ïŒããã«ãããµãŒã®çŽåŸïŒçŸœæ ¹åŸïŒDã¯èªç¶ã«æ±ºå®ããå€ã§å®æ°ã§ãã
ãšããããšã¯ïŒå¹³å液滎åŸd32/Dãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§çãããªãããã«ããããã«ã¯ïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãçãããªãã°è¯ããšããçµè«ãåŸãããŸãã
ð[memo]ãå¹³å液滎åŸd32/DãèãããšãïŒããã«ãããµãŒã®çŽåŸïŒçŸœæ ¹åŸïŒDãäžå®ã§ããã°ïŒå€æ°ã§ããé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ã ããèããã°è¯ãã§ãããã
ããªãã¡ïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â ïŒå¹³å液滎åŸãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãã§ããããšãããããŸãã
次ã«ïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãã©ã®ãããªåŒã®åœ¢ã§è¡šçŸã§ãããïŒã確èªããŠã¿ãŸãããã
d32/D â Weâ0.6 âãd32 â Weâ0.6D = (ÏN2D3/γ)â0.6D = (Ï/γ)â0.6(N3D2)â0.4
ããã§ïŒå¯åºŠÏãšçé¢åŒµåγã¯ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§å€åããŸããã
d32 â (N3D2)â0.4
ããªãã¡ïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒN3D2ãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãã§ããããšãããããŸãã
ïŒæ¡ä»¶â¡ïŒç©è³ªç§»åé床ãçãããªãããã«ãã
åããïŒå³å¯ãªç解ã詳现ãªå 容ã¯é¢é£ããå°éæžãžè²ããšããŠïŒç©è³ªç§»åé床ã«é¢ããŠäžåŒãæããã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããŸãã
ãããŠïŒã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§ç©è³ªç§»åé床ãçãããªãããã«ããããšãèããŸãã
ç©è³ªç§»åé床dC/dtã決ããå å
ç©è³ªç§»åé床dC/dtã¯ïŒä¿æ°kïŒåæ£çžã®äœç©åçΊïŒæº¶è³ªã®é£œåæ¿åºŠC*ïŒæº¶è³ªã®æ¿åºŠCïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸããŸãã
åŠæ¹ãå€ãããªãã®ã§ããã°ïŒæ··åããããšãã®åæ£æ¶²ã®ç©æ§ã¯ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã«é¢ä¿ãªãåãã§ããã¯ãã§ãã
ãããã£ãŠïŒä¿æ°kïŒåæ£çžã®äœç©åçΊïŒæº¶è³ªã®é£œåæ¿åºŠC*ïŒæº¶è³ªã®æ¿åºŠCã¯åžžã«äžå®ã§ããã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§å€åããŸããã
ãšããããšã¯ïŒç©è³ªç§»åé床dC/dtãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§çãããªãããã«ããããã«ã¯ïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãçãããªãã°è¯ããšããçµè«ãåŸãããŸãã
ããªãã¡ïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â¡ïŒç©è³ªç§»åé床ãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãã§ããããšãããããŸãã
ãã以éã®èãæ¹ã¯ïŒäžè¿°ããå 容ãšå šãåãã§ãã
ããªãã¡ïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒN3D2ãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãã§ããããšãããããŸãã
ïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒN3D2ãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹
â液äœâïŒâ液äœâã®äžè¬çãªæ¹æïŒããã«ãããµãŒïŒã®å ŽåïŒæ¬¡ã®2ã€ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæãç«ã€ãããªèšå®ãããããšãèããŸããã
- ïŒæ¡ä»¶â ïŒå¹³å液滎åŸãçãããªãããã«ãã
- ïŒæ¡ä»¶â¡ïŒç©è³ªç§»åé床ãçãããªãããã«ãã
ããããªããïŒ2ã€ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæãç«ã€ãããªèšå®ãããŠèããŠããã®ã§ããïŒåãçµè«ãåŸãããããšãããããŸããã
ãã®ãšãç»å ŽããâN3D2âã¯äœãæå³ããã®ãïŒãšããã®ãïŒæ¬¡ã®ããŒãã«ãªããŸãã
åäžãç¡èŠã§ããå Žå
åèãŸã§ã«ïŒããŸãã®è©±ãããŠãããããšæããŸãã
æ¬é¡ã¯ïŒæçµçã«âN3D2âãç»å Žãããšãããšããã§çµãã£ãŠããŸãã
ãããŸã§ã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ïŒæ¹æã«ãã£ãŠæ¶²æ»Žã®åŸ®çŽ°åãšåäžãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã§ããã
ãã®ãšãïŒå¹³å液滎åŸã«é¢ããŠäžåŒãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã
äžæ¹ã§ïŒä¹³åãæ³å®ããå Žåã¯ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®åŸ®çŽ°ååŸã«åäžã¯åŒãèµ·ããããªããšèããŸããã
åã³ïŒå¹³å液滎åŸã«é¢ããåŒã«çç®ãããšïŒæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°Weã®ææ°ãââ0.93âã§è¡šãããšãã§ãããšããå®éšäºå®ãããããã§ãã
ð[memo]ãåŒçšæç®ã§ãããKonno, M. and S. Saito : J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 20, 533-535 (1987)ã
å¹³å液滎åŸd32/Dãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§çãããªãããã«ããããã«ã¯ïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãçãããªãã°è¯ããšããçµè«ãåŸãããŸããã
ããã§ïŒæ¹æãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°Weã®ææ°ãââ0.93âã§è¡šãããšãã§ãããšãïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸd32ãã©ã®ãããªåŒã®åœ¢ã§è¡šçŸã§ãããïŒã確èªããŠã¿ãŸãããã
d32/D â Weâ0.93 âãd32 â Weâ0.93D = (ÏN2D3/γ)â0.93D = (Ï/γ)â0.93(ND0.96)â1.86
ããã§ïŒå¯åºŠÏãšçé¢åŒµåγã¯ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããååŸã§å€åããŸããã
d32 â (ND0.96)â1.86
ããªãã¡ïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â âïŒé¢ç©äœç©å¹³åç²ååŸãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â¢ïŒND0.96ãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãã§ããããšãããããŸãã
ãã®ãšãïŒãND0.96 â ND1ãã§ããã®ã§ïŒãâïŒæ¡ä»¶â¢’ïŒNDãçãããªãããã«ããâãšããèãæ¹ãã«çœ®ãæããŸãã
d32 â (ND)â1.86
ãããŠïŒãã®ãšãç»å ŽããâNDâã¯äœãæå³ããã®ãïŒãšããããšãèããŸãã
ãããšïŒãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãã ㌠乳åç·šãåšå 端é床ãçãããªãããã«ããããã®ããŒãžã§çŽ¹ä»ããâåšå 端é床âã§ããããšãããããŸãã
ð[memo]ãÏ/60ã¯åžžã«äžå®ãªã®ã§ïŒåšå 端é床Uã¯âNDâã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠïŒä¹³åãæ³å®ããã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ãããèããå ŽåïŒç°ãªãã¢ãããŒãããã§ãã£ãŠãåšå 端é床ã®ã¿ãèããã°è¯ããšããçµè«ãåŸãããŸãã