ð (5-4) ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãã ㌠乳åç·šãé«éæ¹ææ©ã«ãã液滎ã®åŸ®çŽ°åã
- #ä¹³åæ¹æè£ çœ®
- #ä¹³å
- #ãšãã«ã·ã§ã³
- #ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ãã
æ©æ¢°çãªåã«ãã£ãŠæ¶²æ»Žãåè£ããæ¡ä»¶
å°ãã ãïŒçè«çãªè©±ãç¶ããŸãã
ãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãããŒä¹³åç·šãå転æ°ã»æ··åæé/ä¹³åæéã®èãæ¹ããã®ããŒãžã§ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã«å¯ŸããŠå€§ããªããæåãä»äžãããšçåæ°nkã倧ãããªãïŒåè£ãç¶ãããããªèª¬æãããŸããã
ããããªããïŒãã®ãããªèãæ¹ã¯å®æ ãšã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠããïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åãååšããŸãã
ð[memo]ãäžæ£ç¢ºãªç¹ãå«ãã€ã¡ãŒãžãšãªããŸããïŒããã§ã¯ã液滎ã«ä»äžããåïŒããæåãïŒã液滎ãä»äžãããåïŒããæå¿åããšããŠãã ããã
èšçãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°
æ°ããªèãæ¹ã¯ïŒâèšçãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°âãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸãã
泚ç®ãã¹ãç¹ã¯ïŒãã¯ãåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã§ãã
ããã§ïŒèšçãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°(We)cãšçé¢åŒµåγã¯ç©æ§å€ã§ããããå®æ°ã§ãã
液滎ã«å¯ŸããŠå€§ããªåŸ®çŽ°åäœçšãä»äžãããšæ¶²æ»Žã¯è€æ°åã«åè£ããã®ã§ïŒåè£ã§çæããç²ååŸdã¯å€æ°ãšèšããŸãã
液滎ã®ç²ååŸdãå°ãããªããšïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã倧ãããªãããšãããããŸãã
æ¹æã«ããããæåã液滎ã«ä»äžããçµæïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBãè¶ ããããšãã§ããã°æ¶²æ»Žã¯è€æ°åã«åè£ããŸãã
ãã ãïŒæ¹æã«ããããæåã¯éçå€ãããããïŒåŸ®çŽ°åã§ããæçµçãªæ¶²æ»Žã®ç²ååŸã決ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
çåæ°ãšæ¶²æ»Žãåããããæå¿åã®é¢ä¿
äŸãã°ïŒãçåæ°nk = 2ïŒæ¶²æ»Žãåããããæå¿åÏ = 3000ïŒèšçãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°(We)c = 13ïŒçé¢åŒµåγ = 50ãã®å ŽåãèããŸãã
液滎ã2ã€ã«åè£ïŒçåæ°nk = 2ïŒãïŒåè£åæ°ãéããããšã«ç²ååŸdãå°ãããªã£ãŠãããŸããïŒäžå³âïŒ
äžæ¹ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®åè£åæ°ãéããããšã«ç²ååŸdãå°ãããªãããïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã倧ãããªã£ãŠãããŸããïŒäžå³ãïŒ
ãã®ãšãïŒåè£20åç®ã§åè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã3000ãè¶ ããŸãã
æ¹æã«ãã£ãŠæ¶²æ»Žãåããããæå¿åã¯3000ãªã®ã§ïŒåè£ã¯19åç®ãŸã§ããèµ·ãããŸããã
æçµç²ååŸdã¯0.108ãšãªãïŒæ¶²æ»Žã¯ãã以äžå°ãããªããŸããã
液滎ãå°ããããææ³
液滎ãå°ããããããã«ã¯ïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBãè¶ ããããæåã液滎ã«ä»äžããªããã°ãªããŸããã
ãã®ããã«ã¯ïŒäž»ã«2ã€ã®ææ³ãèããããŸãã
çé¢åŒµåγãå°ãããã
çé¢åŒµåγãå°ãããããšïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBãå°ãããªããŸãã
ãã®çµæïŒæ¶²æ»Žãå°ããããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãæ¹æã®ç«å Žããä¹³åãã€ã¡ãŒãžããããã®ãã¹èªç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšä¹³åçŸè±¡â¡ããã®ããŒãžã§çŽ¹ä»ããããã«ïŒçé¢åŒµåγãå°ããããããã«çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ·»å ããŠããŸããããã
ã©ã¡ãããšèšããšïŒãåŠæ¹çãªåãã®åœ¹å²ãšãªããŸãã
ããæåã倧ãããã
ããããä»äžããããæåèªäœã倧ããããã°åè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBãè¶ ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ïŒæ¶²æ»Žãå°ããããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã®ãšãïŒãæ¹æãããããæããŠã¿ãããäœéæ¹ææ©ãšé«éæ¹ææ©ããã®ããŒãžã§çŽ¹ä»ãããããªåŸ®çŽ°åäœçšãçºæ®ããé«éæ¹ææ©ã䜿çšããŸãã
ð[memo]ãæ¹ææ©ä»¥å€ã®è£ 眮ã䜿çšããããšããããŸããex. é«å§ä¹³åè£ çœ®
ã©ã¡ãããšèšããšïŒãæ©æ¢°çãªåãã®åœ¹å²ãšãªããŸãã
ãããŸã§ã«ãåããããªè©±ãããŠããŸãããïŒâèšçãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°âãšããå¥ã®èãæ¹ããåæ§ã®ã¢ãããŒããããããšãã§ããŸããã
âé«éæ¹ææ©âã«ããçè«äžã®ç²ååŸã®å€å
以äžã®çè«çãªèãæ¹ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®åè£ã¢ãã«ã»èšçãŠã§ãŒããŒæ°ïŒãèžãŸããŠïŒé«éæ¹ææ©ã«ããå転æ°ãä¹³åæéãå€åããããšïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®ç²ååŸãã©ã®ããã«å€åãããã€ã¡ãŒãžããŠã¿ãŸãããã
液滎ã®ç²ååŸã¯ïŒç²åºŠååžã®å€åããèããããšãã§ããŸãã
ð[memo]ããã¹ãŠã®è£œåã«ã€ããŠåœãŠã¯ãŸããšã¯éããŸãããïŒãããŸã§ã«çŽ¹ä»ããŠããçè«ãšçµéšçãªè©±ãç¹ã亀ããªãã説æããŸãã
ç²åºŠååžã§èãã
ããã§ïŒç²åºŠååžãèããããšèªäœã«ã€ããŠç«¯çã«èª¬æããŠãããŸãã
ð[memo]ãé£ãããªãšæãããæ¹ã¯èªã¿é£ã°ããŠããã ããŠãåé¡ãããŸããã
液滎ã®åè£ãèµ·ãã確çãpïŒèµ·ãããªã確çãqãšãããšïŒå³å³ã§ç€ºãããã«ç¢ºçpã§å·Šã«ïŒç¢ºçqã§å³ã«è¡ããããªã©ã³ãã ãŠã©ãŒã¯ã瀺ããšä»®å®ããŸãã
ãã®ãšãïŒStirlingã®åŒãé©çšããããšã«ãã£ãŠïŒmã®äœçœ®ã«ååšãã液滎ã®ç¢ºçãæ±ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããŠïŒçµè«ãšããŠæ¶²æ»Žã®ååšç¢ºçã¯æ£èŠååžã«è¿äŒŒãããã®ã§ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®ç²ååŸã¯ç²åºŠååžã§è¡šçŸã§ãããšããŠèããããšã«ããŸãã
ð[memo]ããã ãïŒp = q = 1/2ã®ãšãã«æãç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãã¢ãããµãŒã®éé確ç ïŒ 50ïŒ
ãããŠïŒãã®ã©ã³ãã ãŠã©ãŒã¯ããã¹ã«ã«ã®äžè§åœ¢ãšããŠèããããšãããŸãã
äŸãã°ïŒçè«äžïŒæ¶²æ»Žããã¢ãããµãŒãééããŠ5ååè£ãããã£ã³ã¹ããã£ããšä»®å®ããŸãã
ãã®ãšãïŒãã¢ãããµãŒãééïŒãã¹ïŒãã確çã50%ãšããŸãã
ãããšïŒæ¶²æ»Žã5ååè£ãã確çã¯(1/2)5 = 1/32 = 0.03125ã§ããïŒçŽ3%ã§ããããšãããããŸãã
çæ³éãã«æ¶²æ»Žã5ååè£ãããããšã¯é£ããïŒã»ãšãã©èµ·ããããªããšèšããŸãã
äžæ¹ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã2ååè£ãã確çã¯10/32 = 0.3125ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã3ååè£ãã確çã10/32 = 0.3125ã§ããïŒäœµããŠçŽ62.5%ã§ããããšãããããŸãã
ããã¯ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã2ãŸãã¯3ååè£ãã確çãäžçªé«ãããšãæå³ããŸãã
ãã¢ãããµãŒã®éé確ç ïŒ 90%
ãã¢ãããµãŒãééãã確çã90%ãŸã§é«ããªã£ããšãïŒ5ååè£ãããã£ã³ã¹ããã£ããšä»®å®ãããšæ¶²æ»Žã5ååè£ãã確çãäžçªé«ããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ð[memo]ã液滎ã5ååè£ãã確çã¯(9/10)5 = 0.59049ïŒïŒçŽ59%ïŒã§ããïŒ6å²è¿ããçæ³éãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
4ååè£ãã液滎ãå«ãããšïŒå šäœã®80%以äžãå ããŠããããšãããããŸãã
äžè¿°ããããã¢ãããµãŒã®éé確ç ïŒ 50ïŒ ãã®ãšããããïŒæ¹ææ©ã¯è¯ãåããããŠããŸãã
ãã¢ãããµãŒã®éé確ç ïŒ 20%
äžæ¹ã§ïŒãã¢ãããµãŒãééãã確çã20%ãŸã§äœããªã£ããšãïŒ5ååè£ãããã£ã³ã¹ããã£ããšä»®å®ãããšæ¶²æ»Žã1ååè£ãã確çãäžçªé«ããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ð[memo]ã液滎ã5ååè£ãã確çã¯(2/10)5 = 0.00032ïŒïŒçŽ0.032%ïŒã§ããïŒå šããšèšã£ãŠããã»ã©çæ³çãªæ¹ææ©ã®åãã¯ããŠããŸããã
0ååè£ïŒïŒåè£ããªãïŒãã液滎ãå«ãããšïŒå šäœã®70%以äžãå ããŠããããšãããããŸãã
ãã®çµæã¯ïŒæ¹ææ©ãšããŠã®åœ¹å²ãã»ãšãã©æãããŠããªããšè©äŸ¡ããããšãã§ããŸãã
âé«éæ¹ææ©âã«ããå転æ°å€åã€ã¡ãŒãžïŒâæçµç²ååŸâå°éåïŒ
ãã以éã¯ïŒãã¢ãããµãŒãééãã確çã¯äžå®ã§ãããšä»®å®ããŠè©±ãé²ããŠãããŸãã
ããã§ã®äºäŸã§ã¯ïŒãã¢ãããµãŒãééãã確çïŒåè£ç¢ºçïŒ60%ãšããŠèããŠããŸãã
ä¹³åæéã¯äžå®ã§ïŒå転æ°ã ããå€åããããšããŸãã
é«éæ¹ææ©ã®å転æ°ãäœéããé«éãžäžããŠããããšãèããŸãã
ãããŠïŒé«éæ¹ææ©ãé«éã«ãªãåè£åæ°ãå€ããªãïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã«éãããšä»®å®ããŸãã
ãã®ãšãïŒãšãã«ã·ã§ã³ã®ç²åºŠååžã¯äžå³ã®ããã«å€åããåŸåããããŸãã
ð[memo]ãäžå³ã«ãããŠã¯ïŒå転æ°ïŒçåæ°ïŒïŒ 4ã§ä¹³åæéïŒåè£åæ°ïŒïŒ 18ã®ãšãã«ïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã«éãããšä»®å®ããŸãã
ãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãããŒä¹³åç·šãå転æ°ã»æ··åæé/ä¹³åæéã®èãæ¹ããã®ããŒãžã§çŽ¹ä»ããããã«ïŒå転æ°ãé«ããªããšçåæ°nkã倧ãããªããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠïŒä¹³åæéäžå®ã§ããã°ïŒå転æ°ãé«ããªãã»ã©å šäœã®ç²ååŸãå°ãããªããšèšããŸãã
äžçªå°ããªç²ååŸdminã¯0.3 â 0.03 â 0.005ïŒäžçªå€§ããªç²ååŸdmaxã¯20ããå€åããŠããŸããããã®ååšå²åã¯äœããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ð[memo]ãçè«äžïŒã©ã®ãããªæ¹ææ¡ä»¶ã§ãã£ãŠãïŒå€§ããã20ã®æ¶²æ»Žãäœç¢ºçã§æ®åããŠããŸããŸãã
åè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã«éãããŸã§ã¯ïŒå転æ°ãé«ããªããšæ¶²æ»Žå šäœã®ç²ååŸãå°ãããªããšèšããŸãã
ð[memo]ããã¹ãŠã®æ¶²æ»Žã«å¯ŸãïŒãã¢ãããµãŒã¯åãå²åã§ããæåãä»äžããŠãããšèããã®ã§ïŒåããããªååžãä¿æãããŸãŸæ¶²æ»Žãå šäœçã«å°ãããªã£ãŠãããšæ³åã§ããŸãã
âé«éæ¹ææ©âã«ããä¹³åæéå€åã€ã¡ãŒãžïŒâæçµç²ååŸâå°éåïŒ
å転æ°ã¯äžå®ã§ïŒä¹³åæéã ããå€åããããšããŸãã
ð[memo]ããã®ãšãã®å転æ°ã¯ïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã«éããŠãããšä»®å®ããŸãã
ãã®ãšãïŒãšãã«ã·ã§ã³ã®ç²åºŠååžã¯äžå³ã®ããã«å€åããåŸåããããŸãã
ãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããçè«ãèããŠã¿ãããŒä¹³åç·šãå転æ°ã»æ··åæé/ä¹³åæéã®èãæ¹ããã®ããŒãžã§çŽ¹ä»ããããã«ïŒå転æ°ãäžå®ã§ããã°çåæ°nkã¯å€åããªããšèããŸããã
ð[memo]ãâæçµç²ååŸâå°éåŸã«ã¯ïŒçåæ°nkã0ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãããŸãã
ããããªããïŒä¹³åæéãé·ããªããšåè£åæ°ãå€ããªãã®ã§ïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®å€§ããã«é¢ä¿ãªãå šäœã®ç²ååŸãå°ãããªããšèšããŸãã
äžçªå°ããªç²ååŸdminã¯0.8 â 0.08 â 0.005ïŒäžçªå€§ããªç²ååŸdmaxã¯20ããå€åããŠããŸããããã®ååšå²åã¯äœããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ð[memo]ãä¹³åæéãé·ãããŠãã¹åæ°ãå€ããããšïŒå€§ããªç²åãå°ãããªã確çãé«ããªããŸãã
âæçµç²ååŸâå°éåŸã®ã€ã¡ãŒãž
âæçµç²ååŸâå°éåã«ãããŠïŒå転æ°ãé«ãããããã¹åæ°ãå€ããããšïŒãã®éçšã¯ç°ãªããŸããæ¶²æ»Žå šäœãå°ãããªãããšãèããŸããã
ç¶ããŠïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBã«éããåŸã®å€åãèããŸããïŒâæçµç²ååŸâå°éåŸïŒ
é«éæ¹ææ©ãããã«é«éã«ãããšïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBããã倧ããªããæåãä»äžã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
ãã®çµæïŒæ¶²æ»Žã¯ããã«åè£ããããšãã§ããããïŒäžå³ã§ç€ºãããã«äžçªå°ããªç²ååŸdminã0.005 â 0.001ãžãšå€åããŸãã
ããªãã¡ïŒé«éæ¹ææ©ãããã«é«éã«ãããšïŒå°ããªæ¶²æ»Žãããã«å°ãããªãåŸåãèŠãããŸããïŒåæã«å€§ããªæ¶²æ»Žãå°ãããªããŸãïŒ
äžæ¹ïŒä¹³åæéãããã«é·ãããŠãïŒåè£ãèµ·ããæå°ããæå¿åÏBããã倧ããªããæåãä»äžããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
ãã®ããïŒäžçªå°ããªç²ååŸdminã¯å€åããŸããã
ãã ãïŒå€§ããªæ¶²æ»Žã¯ããã«å°ãããªãããšãã§ããã®ã§ãã®ååšå²åã¯äœããªãïŒäžçªå°ããªç²ååŸdminãžãšè¿ã¥ããŠãããŸãã
ããªãã¡ïŒä¹³åæéãããã«é·ããããšå€§ããªæ¶²æ»Žã®ã¿ãå°ãããªãïŒæ¶²æ»Žã®ç²åºŠååžãåäžã«ãªãåŸåãèŠãããŸãã
âæçµç²ååŸâå°éåã¯ïŒæ¶²æ»Žãå°ãããªãã¡ã«ããºã ïŒçåæ°ãšåè£åæ°ïŒã¯ç°ãªããŸãããïŒå転æ°ãé«ãããå Žåãä¹³åæéãé·ãããå Žåã¯ïŒãããã液滎ãå°ãããªãåŸåããããŸããã
âæçµç²ååŸâå°éåŸã¯ïŒå転æ°ãšä¹³åæéã«ãã£ãŠæ¹ææ©ã®åããç°ãªãããšãããããŸãã